1985: Xerox Note Cards, hyper textual content system primarily based on Lisp programming language. John Mc Carthy (Stanford University), presented the Lisp programming language and the Mc Carthy Test for measuring Artificial Intelligence (playing video games, following dialog, receiving data or performing different actions via a terminal). 1963: creation of the Augmentation Research Center by Douglas Engelbart (Stanford Research Institute, Director of the Bootstrap Institute). October 1969: first lengthy distance message transmitted between host-servers, from the host of U. C. L. A. to that of Stanford. It occurs as a result of various causes, for example to the death of their authors and the lack of another particular person wishing to take the responsibility of sustaining the document, or to the demise of the organisation that stored the host server. Cobol was created for batch processing, though some interactive dialect grew to become available in the 1980's. CGI, Common Gateway Interface: an interface commonplace that gives a technique for executing a server aspect scripting programme from an internet site, as a way to generate an online doc with dynamic content material. 1994: first World Wide Web Conference, serving to to create the World Wide Web Consortium in 1996. June 1994: HTML 2.0 accredited by the I. E. T. F., strictly based mostly on SGML.
XML and HTML were mixed right into a single language, no more based mainly on SGML, which the World Wide Web Consortium accepted as official specification with the title of HTML 5 in October 2014. Forth: a structured modular language, created by the astronomer Charles Moore in 1970. It is a medium-excessive degree language, combining characteristics of meeting (of medium level) with these of a excessive degree language. Later it added parts to succeed in 7 Kilobytes of Random Access Memory and accepted Basic programming language, tailored to Altair 8800 by Paul Allen and William Bill Gates (Micro-Soft Corporation). Below are listed about 60 programming languages, those which might be maybe the perfect known or people who possess a marked historical interest. Snobol: a programming language used from the 1960's to the 1980's. Speed Coding: the second scientific programming language, created by Seldon and John Backus of International Business Machines in 1953. SGML, Standard Generalised Mark-up Language: the basic normal from which most mark-up languages are derived. These microcircuits began a type of computers called "of third technology", which predominated from the 1960's to the 1970's. 1962: magnetic disk for reminiscence storage.
August 1962: essay on a "Galactic Network" of computers, by J. C. R. Licklider (Massachussets Institute of Technology). October 1962: J. C. R. Licklider becomes the primary Director of a DARPA computer venture on the Advanced Research Projects Agency. 1958: Advanced Research Projects Agency begins research for a army Arpa Network, that in time would turn into the origin of the Interconnected Networks (also referred to as Internetting or Internet). The Ethernet network system was in 1973 beneath improvement by Bob Metcalfe on the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre, however the proliferation of native space networks or of microcomputers was not but foreseen in late 1973, therefore the unique mannequin of Internet was based on the idea of some national networks such as Arpanet, Packet Radio or Packet Satellite. 1961: area effect transistor by Steven Hofstein, that made potential the event of MOS transistor (Metallic Oxid Semiconductor) by R. C. A. July 1961: essay on the theory of packet interchange for pc networks, by Leonard Kleinrock (Massachussets Institute of Technology). It was the ultimate unique dialect of Basic at Dartmouth College, released by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz as an ANSI Basic compiler, earlier than they left the school to focus on the additional development of ANSI Basic within the type of True Basic.
1956: at Darmouth College, ten consultants in numerous disciplines meet to create the premise for what they name Artificial Intelligence (to distinguish it from Robotics, Automatics and Cybernetics). 1964: first laptop with important processor completely built as built-in circuit (of little over ten components per square centimetre). In 1964 little over ten elements might enter in a square centimetre. It turned clear that three organisations have been independently creating related ideas: one was the group of Leonard Kleinrock and J. C. R. Licklider at M. I. T. from 1961 to 1967, another was the group of Paul Baran at R. A. N. D. from 1962 to 1965, and a third one was the group of Mister Davies and Mister Scantlebury at British N. P. L. from 1964 to 1967. The term "packet interchange" got here from the N. P. L. undertaking, What is a billiards club whereas the proposed line pace for the Arpanet undertaking was elevated from 2.4 Kb to 50 Kb. 1964: Leonard Kleinrock publishes a ebook on the idea of packet interchange for computer networks. Since the late 1940's nearly each laptop on this planet understands directly just one type of communication, known by the names of "binal code", "binary code", "code in numbering base two", "machine code" or "low stage code".